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火星与地球¤

火星在哪里¤

星际移民中心开发的在线工具：https://interimm.org/comms-latency/

可以查看，在任意时刻，地球和火星的相对位置。 interimm-comms-latency

基本知识¤

火星和地球星球特征12:

地球 火星
半径 6371km 3390km (0.53 Earth radius)
引力 1g (9.8m/s^2) 0.38g (3.7m/s^2)
太阳日 （solar day） 24h 24h 39m 35s
公转 1y (365.25d) 1.8809y (1y 320d 18h)

火星和地球表面12：

地球 火星
温度 −89 °C - 55 °C −110 °C - 35 °C
声速 ~ 330m/s ~ 240 m/s - 250 m/s
大气压强 101kPa (1 atm) 0.6kPa (0.0063 atm)
大气密度 1.2 kg/m^3 1.7% of that on the Earth, or 35 km above sea level on the Earth (0.020 kg/m^3)

火星大气成分3:

成分 地球 火星
二氧化碳 (CO2) 0.03% 95%
氮气 (N2) 78% 2.7%
氧气 (O2) 21% 0.13%
氩气 (Ar) 0.9% 1.6%
甲烷 (CH4) 0.002% 0

来源：The red planet's small size complicates its habitability. Credit: NASA

来源：自制

来源：自制，代码在此。

希腊平原的底部温度比同纬度地区高 10 度左右，气压也能达到 1 kPa以上。

火星日照¤

火星的日照水平是地球的 43%，是可观的能源，可以支撑农业，也可以支撑一些化工生产7489。

根据位置和天气的不同，火星表面太阳能可达约 \(400 \mathrm{W/m^2/day}\)57.

作为对照，一个 iPhone 14 Pro 的电池容量大约为 12 Wh6. 假定太阳能电池板的效率是 0.25，每平方米太阳能电池板，每天积累下来的电力大约有 0.5 kWh，大致可以充满 42 个 iPhone 14 Pro。

更多的估算可以参考此处。

Jezero Crater 处的光通量10

合成生物学可以帮助我们改造植物11

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